1. How does exotic community change over time?

1a. How does total exotic percent cover change with time since restoration?

Hypothesis: Exotics will be able to reinvade, causing increased exotic abundance and diversity with increased time since restoration.

Results: Significant increase in total exotic percent cover after year 6 – due to increase in exotics in transition and upland zones.

1b. Is there a threshold (# of years) after which exotic abundance increases?

Hypothesis: We will see increased exotic species percent cover and diversity with increased time since restoration due to reinvasion.

1c. Do pools converge on the same exotic community composition over time?

## Square root transformation
## Wisconsin double standardization
## Run 0 stress 0.0001864372 
## Run 1 stress 0.0001809474 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001188985  max resid 0.001310716 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 2 stress 0.000210668 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 3.172115e-05  max resid 0.0004574803 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 3 stress 0.0002447741 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001588444  max resid 0.001689098 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 4 stress 0.0002297676 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 8.505514e-05  max resid 0.001299291 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 5 stress 0.0002188816 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001230631  max resid 0.002131118 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 6 stress 0.0001753059 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 4.294681e-05  max resid 0.0003950271 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 7 stress 0.0001904192 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001139952  max resid 0.00122562 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 8 stress 0.0002215759 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001575681  max resid 0.002471931 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 9 stress 0.0001989386 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 6.145863e-05  max resid 0.000598295 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 10 stress 0.0002107228 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001119861  max resid 0.001923213 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 11 stress 0.0001978245 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001131819  max resid 0.001310105 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 12 stress 0.000189758 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001218677  max resid 0.001231695 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 13 stress 0.0002150675 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.351704e-05  max resid 0.001226492 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 14 stress 0.0001839079 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001039464  max resid 0.001063915 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 15 stress 0.0001643479 
## ... New best solution
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.065324e-05  max resid 0.001429616 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 16 stress 0.000182635 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.043275e-05  max resid 0.0008912847 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 17 stress 0.000210343 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 0.0001149761  max resid 0.001395927 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 18 stress 0.0002309908 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.103151e-05  max resid 0.001489878 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 19 stress 0.0002186715 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.219517e-05  max resid 0.001015265 
## ... Similar to previous best
## Run 20 stress 0.0002070401 
## ... Procrustes: rmse 9.088954e-05  max resid 0.001327744 
## ... Similar to previous best
## *** Solution reached

# 2. Is the community changing?

2a. Is the whole community changing?

2b. Is the native community changing?

2. What environmental filters can be manipulated to decrease exotics?

2a. How does the seedbank compare to the aboveground cover?

2b. Does active management result in a different exotic community?